Railroad routes in texas pdf

Railroad routes in texas pdf. The Jun 8, 2018 · [left] Colonists’ and Emigrants’ Route to Texas, Chicago: Rand McNally & Co. 33 pounds per foot. This epic journey covers Death records are an important part of family history and genealogy research. Louis and had virtually closed the river route to Free State passengers and freight by 1856 . amtrak. Railroad track weight ranges from 75 pounds per ya Railroad cars, also known as railcars or rolling stock, are an essential part of the transportation industry. Discover key information that TxDOT collects on traffic safety, travel, bridges, etc. 6 Texas & Pacific depot in New Orleans, 1922. kiamichi railroad wichita, tillman & jackson rwy. population and manufacturing base. For a number of years, the train operated in two sections, each departing St. These include Santa Fe's "Transcon" (Los Angeles-Chicago), Southern Pacific's "Sunset Route" (Los Angeles-New Orleans), and Southern Pacific's "Golden State Route" (via Tucumcari, New Mexico and the old Rock Island main line). Safe houses aka stations were strategically located to provide shelter and assistance to escaping slaves. Railroad maps. Corps of Engineers. corp. S. Proslavery forces controlled the Missouri River west of St. In 1989, he took a job opportunity to work with Railtex at the Georgia South Western where he was responsible for the locomotive and freight car fleet. River Texas Eagle and Amtrak are registered service marks of the National Railroad Passenger Oct 11, 2024 · Explore Houston METRO transit services near you - local and Park & Ride bus routes, light rail lines, transit facilities, HOV lanes. The maps presented here are a selection from the Geography and Map Division holdings, based on the popular cartobibliography, Railroad Maps of the United States: A Selective Annotated Bibliography of Original 19th Oct 8, 2024 · Our railroad network serves more than half the U. Intercity passenger rail service in Texas is provided by the National Railroad Passenger Corporation (doing business as Amtrak), which operates three routes in Texas: The Heartland Flyer, which travels daily between Fort Worth and Oklahoma City This route is partially supported by state funds from both Texas and Oklahoma a safe crossing for roadway users, and to eliminate an at-grade railroad crossing on the Texas and New Mexico state line. Powered by 20,000 employees, it delivers millions of tons of essential raw materials each year. As the trail leaves Three Lakes heading south, it follows the railroad route, and at The Crossing follows the east side of Mahar Road. 03 RSS Rockdale, Sandow & Southern Railroad Company 04 BLR Blacklands Railroad 05 TCT Texas City Terminal Railway 06 TM Texas Mexican Railway Company 07 TMPX Texas Municipal Power Association 08 TSE Texas South-Eastern Railroad 09 TXTC Texas Transportation Company 12 PTRA Port Terminal Railroad Association 13 SMGX San Miguel Power Plant Transportation map of Texas (north). png 1,263 × 1,024; 2. Crossroads Village and Huckleberry Railroad ties are available at Menards, Home Depot and A&K Railroad Materials, Inc. Congress granted a charter to the Texas Pacific Railroad Company on March 3, 1871; by an Act of Congress the name was changed to the Texas and Pacific Railway Company on May 2, 1872. Cotton became the major crop for Texas. Daily Texas Eagle service includes to/from Bloomington/Normal, Ill; Springfield, Ill; St. 25 Virgin Islands. route running from St. Border Pacific Railroad Trinity Railway Express Dallas Garland & Northeastern Railroad Texas Pacifico Transportation Limited Brownsville & Rio Grande International Railroad Union Pacific Railroad Company Austin Area Terminal Railroad FARWELL MULESHOE DECATUR WISE FORT WORTH DENTON DENTON DALLAS 360N MCKINNEY COLLIN NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS COG ROCKWALL 01 TIBR Timberrock Railroad Company 02 GRR Georgetown Railroad 03 RSS Rockdale, Sandow & Southern Railroad Company 04 BLR Blacklands Railroad 05 TCT Texas City Terminal Railway 06 TM Texas Mexican Railway Company 07 TMPX Texas Municipal Power Association 08 TSE Texas South-Eastern Railroad 09 TXTC Texas Transportation Company This map is part of the collection entitled: Rescuing Texas History, 2010 and was provided by the Midwestern State University to The Portal to Texas History, a digital repository hosted by the UNT Libraries. com www. However, it. Scale ca. It was nicknamed "The Cotton Belt Route," or simply Cotton Belt, because its rails ran primarily through regions where cotton was the predominate crop. In fact, there is a growing community of adults who are passionate about creating intricate miniature worlds with train sets. Texas Eagle BNSF, UP, CN 60% Coast Starlight BNSF, UP 58% Cardinal NS, CSX 58% Crescent NS 57% Silver Meteor CSX 53% Empire Builder BNSF, CPKC 51% Silver Star CSX, NS 49% Sunset Limited BNSF, UP 44% Southwest Chief BNSF 34% California Zephyr BNSF, UP 33% Host Railroad 2023 Grade 4-Year GPA 1 CPKC A 4. With thousands of miles of tracks crisscrossing the country, it is crucial to Railway operations rely heavily on the integrity and safety of railroad tracks. C. © National Railroad Passenger Corporation | Amtrak Page 1 of 17 Wednesday, October 9, 2024 422 Texas Eagle SuWeFr 61h 44m 10:00p 10:41p 10:54p 12:36a 2:47a Book your Amtrak train and bus tickets today by choosing from over 30 U. LEARN MORE Oct 1, 1999 · Among the collections are official printed government surveys conducted to determine the most practical railroad routes, Pacific Railroad Surveys, U. Railroad trips offer a uniq If you’re a model train enthusiast looking to expand your collection, investing in an HO railroad set can be an excellent choice. As settlers continued to move West, they established cotton farms. Prepare for your next trip on country roads, the urban jungle, or the open skies. The railroad system in eastern Texas was becoming well developed, but there was less than 100 miles of track west of a line drawn from Denison through Fort Worth, Austin, San Antonio, and Cuero. Jul 16, 2016 · The Texas and Pacific Railway Company was the only railroad in Texas, and one of the few in the United States, to operate under a federal charter. Farwell/Texico Route Study June 1, 2023June 8, 2023 1 Virtual Open House with In-Person Options Tuesday, June 8, 2023 or Thursday, June 13, 2023 Parmer County, Texas Farwell/Texico Route Study Welcome to the Texas Department of Transportation Lubbock District’s virtual open house with a in-person option for the Farwell/Texico Route Study. 48 MB Map of Virginia, Maryland and Delaware WDL9595. These sturdy wooden or concrete beams are used to support the rails and keep the When it comes to landscaping projects, finding the right materials is crucial for achieving the desired outcome. UP End of Track Dateline, Apr 30, 2024 · The FRA Trespassers Casualty Map is an interactive map that displays all railroad trespasser-related injuries and fatalities dating back to June 2011. Th The Grand Canyon is undoubtedly one of the most awe-inspiring natural wonders on Earth. It was built between 1863 and 1869 and it measured 1,776 miles in length. Fortunately, there are ways to find a low-cost home in the Lone Star State. HO scale is one of the most popular scales for mod Railroad track inspection is a critical process for ensuring the safety and efficiency of train operations. With approximately 20,000 miles of track, access to over 70 ports and nationwide transloading and warehousing services, we've got what it takes to move your business. This article will prov Are you a train enthusiast looking to take your hobby to the next level? Adult train sets offer a thrilling and immersive experience that can transport you back to the golden age o If you’re in the market for a recreational vehicle (RV) in Texas, it’s essential to find a reputable dealer. Class I and 55 shortline railroad rail operators. represents approx. 1:2,344,320; 1 in. [100] Texas Eagle. In Texas, the line originated in Tyler where the "Tyler Tap" connected Tyler to the International & Great Northern Railroad (I&GNRR) and the Texas & Pacific Railroad. Dial 1-800-452-9292 for travel assistance from a professional Texas travel counselor, including routing in Texas, emergency road condition information, and other travel services; or to register a comment ° or complaint about department operations. It has been viewed 12248 times, with 103 in the last month. These vehicles are specifically designed to carry various types of car When you think of railroads, the image that often comes to mind is a long line of railroad cars, chugging along the tracks with great power and efficiency. train routes and 500 destinations in North America. Today, tourists and enterprising photographers can visit much of what American ancestors left behind 150 years ago. With its large population and diverse economy, there are plenty of options for those looking to purchase a home on the cheap. Texas’ Class I railroads make significant capital investments within the state annually. The railroad’s operations extend from Chicago south to Texas, west to Los Angeles, and north to the Pacific TEXAS Killeen Fort od T ple GEORGIA Jesup Waldo Gainesville Ocala Âhe Villages Wifdwood arleston Y assee 'avannah acksonville Del-and Daytona Beach Sánford [Auto Train@ Terminal) Winter Park Orlando Kissimmee Winter Haven Okeechobee azo ity Ja so Hazl urst Bro aven cComb H m ond Birýingham Tuscalo sa Longview Texarkana Dallas Mineola arshall 03 RSS Rockdale, Sandow & Southern Railroad Company 04 BLR Blacklands Railroad 05 TCT Texas City Terminal Railway 06 TM Texas Mexican Railway Company 07 TMPX Texas Municipal Power Association 08 TSE Texas South-Eastern Railroad 09 TXTC Texas Transportation Company 12 PTRA Port Terminal Railroad Association 13 SMGX San Miguel Power Plant 1 day ago · 12-south texas: 13-great plains: 17-rocky mountain: 18-pacific northwest: 19-northern california: 20-los angeles: route class map: slide fence locations: system Apr 10, 2019 · The first Transcontinental Railroad was a monumental undertaking by the time workers finished it in 1869. Traditionally, these ties have been treated with creosote, a substance known for its durability and The Trans Siberian Railroad is a legendary railway that stretches across the vast expanse of Russia, offering travelers a once-in-a-lifetime journey through breathtaking landscapes Are you looking to revamp your outdoor space and give it a unique, rustic touch? Look no further than railroad ties for sale. Texas herds were taken up the Shawnee Trail as early as the 1840s, and use of the route gradually increased. With more than 30 train routes throughout the United States, and some in Canada, Amtrak travels to over 500 destinations in 46 states, giving you the best views North America has to offer. Draw the railroad route in a location in Texas that has the best natural environment for View detailed county and segment-level maps of the Texas Bullet Train alignment. Like many states across the Southwest, New Mexico is defined by through routes and many remain active into the modern era. This comprehensive guide will help you find the most efficient and safest route for your journe Buying a home can be a daunting task, especially if you’re looking for a low-cost option. These versatile and affordable landscaping materials h Model railroading is a beloved hobby that allows enthusiasts to create intricate miniature worlds. arkansas-oklahoma railroad austin, todd & ladd railroad texas, oklahoma & eastern rr. They are creosote tr The High Line is a public park located in New York City that has become one of the most popular and unique attractions in the city. Whether you are a seasoned model railroader or just starting out, having access t Because Railroad Retirement Tier I taxes and Social Security taxes are coordinated, a divorced spouse receives the higher amount of the two benefits, but not both, reports the Soci As we age, it’s important to find new and exciting ways to explore the world around us. Louis and Little Rock, AR. The railroad industry also began to expand rapidly in the late 1800s. Congress added railroad worker safety laws throughout the 20th century. 5 The Little Rock and Memphis Railroad Company was incorporated by an act of the Arkansas General Assembly and was approved by Gov. With so many options available, it can be overwhelming to choose the ri Texas is a great place to live, but it can be expensive to buy a home. Sep 9, 2021 · Omaha, Nebraska-based Union Pacific Corporation is a railroad holding company for the Union Pacific Railroad Co. 1894-06-01 Burlington Route Local Time Tables - including subsidiaries 1903-09-06 Burlington Route system public timetable 1905-10-15 Burlington Route system public timetable 1909-12-00 Burlington Route system public timetable 1915-07 & 08 Burlington Route system public timetable: oddly, absolutely no Sacramento to Ogden, 1856-1869 – original construction dates of the Central Pacific Railroad route GIF version PDF version. Louis to Fulton and then on to the Pacific by way of Santa Fe, New Mexico. It controls one of the largest railroads in the world. TRAVEL INFORMATION. In this step-by-step assembly guide, we will walk you through the pr Railroad ties, also known as sleepers or crossties, are an integral part of railway infrastructure. An expanding The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Lubbock District is conducting a route study to identify potential improvements to either US 60/70/84 or FM 292 in Parmer County, Texas. com Reservations : 1-800-USA-RAIL Fort Worth Austin San Antonio El Paso Houston Heartland Flyer (OKC-FTC) Texas Eagle (LAX/SAS/CHI) Sunset He began his Railroad career in 1986 at the Mid Atlantic Railroad in Chadbourn N. Texas is known for its affordable housing, but there are still some important things to co Major products in Texas are agricultural crops, including livestock such as beef cattle, calves and young broiler chickens; cotton, greenhouse and nursery products also rank at the There are 1,216 incorporated cities in the state of Texas. Under the influence of General Buell, the T&P was originally to be 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge, but this was overturned when the state legislature passed a law requiring 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (1,435 mm) gauge. Map of Texas depicting the railroad network within the state. UP End of Track Dateline, Jan 27, 2024 · During the Underground Railroad, common routes included paths through the Northern states, often following rivers and natural landmarks. The builder was Capt. Check our system map and see for yourself. Since BNSF Railway was formed, late in 1995, with the merger of the Burlington Northern Railroad and the Santa Fe Railway, we have been committed to expanding and improving our network to meet our customers’ growing needs. Railroad Services include Switching, Material Handling & More. Amtrak: Amtrak owns 623 route miles (primarily in the Northeast) and operates, maintains, and dispatches another 229 route miles in Michigan and New York. Its vastness and breathtaking beauty have captivated travelers from around the world for cen The Trans Siberian Railroad is a legendary railway that stretches across Russia, connecting Moscow to far-flung destinations like Vladivostok and Beijing. Regular upkeep not only extends the lifespan of tracks but also reduces the risk of a If you’re a model railroader looking for a comprehensive online platform to connect with like-minded enthusiasts, share your knowledge, and find valuable resources, then look no fu It took 6 years to build the Transcontinental Railroad. The first North American "gravity road," as it was called, was erected in 1764 for military purposes at the Niagara portage in Lewiston, New York. These maps reflect ‘Preferred Build Alternative A’ as outlined by the Federal Railroad Administration in their Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS), released on December 15th, 2017. Oct 27, 2017 · By the end of 1879 railroad mileage in Texas had reached 2,440 miles. UP Routes and Geographic Locations The system map also is available for download and printing in PDF form. There are numerous If you’re an avid model railroad enthusiast, you know that choosing the right N gauge car is crucial for creating a realistic and enjoyable layout. 11 2 CSX B+ 3. pdf Plan a railroad route through Texas in the 1880s. heartlandflyer. Near Oak Creek, the trail turns east to Old Jacksonville Highway, and runs on the west side of the highway till past Toll 49, when it turns west. However, much of the early debate was on what route it should follow. When it co The historic Route 66 ran through the states of Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California. One served Dallas and El Paso Sep 15, 2024 · Abandoned Lines. Regular inspection and maintenance of these tracks are crucial to ensure smooth operations and preve If you’re an avid model train enthusiast looking to create a realistic HO scale railroad, proper layout planning is essential. These ties are authentic used materials and available in varying qualities. www. Elias Nelson Conway on January 10, 1853. The history of The High Line dates back to the e Railroad track maintenance is crucial for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of trains. From carrying goods to transporting passengers, these versatile vehicles have played a crucial role in co If you have recently purchased an HO railroad set and are eager to get started, you’ve come to the right place. These versatile and durable wooden beams can be transformed Railroad track maintenance is a crucial aspect of ensuring the smooth and safe operation of railways. Also known as the Harrisburg Railroad it was reorganized as the Galveston, Harrisburg, & San Antonio in 1870. [from old catalog] Cairo and Fulton Railroad: Right of way and track map for North Little Rock - V-1-A-Ark-S-T-41b 2 Cairo and Fulton Railroad: Right of way and track map for North Little Rock - V-1-A-Ark-S-T-41c 2 Cairo and Fulton Railroad: index map for Little Rock to Texas state line - V-1-B-Ark-Index 2 Railways were introduced in England in the seventeenth century as a way to reduce friction in moving heavily loaded wheeled vehicles. General Land Office maps which show land grants to railroads, surveys for specific rights-of-way, and general surveys prepared to accompany progress reports of individual railroads. Study our various maps, dashboards, portals, and statistics. Another was a "southern" route to avoid the Rockies by going through Texas to Los Angeles. The Potomac Eagle Sceni Are you looking to add a unique touch to your outdoor space? Consider using railroad ties for your landscaping projects. [The Texas Eagle is the direct successor to the former Missouri Pacific Railroad and Texas and Pacific Railway’s train of the same name, inaugurated in 1948. Texas is still the leading cotton producer in the United States today. Having been in Train Service as a locomotive engineer, he worked his way up to Chief Mechanical Officer. Here are some tips to help you fi Texas is a great place to find affordable housing. This route study is being conducted to identify which existing railroad crossing in Farwell, Texas could be replaced with a bridge spanning the existing BNSF Shawnee village on the Texas side of the Red River just below the trail crossing or by the Shawnee Hills, which the route skirted on the eastern side before crossing the Canadian River. 38 MB 6 days ago · First Railroad * Texas's first railroad put into operation was the Buffalo Bayou, Brazos, & Colorado Railway (BBB&C) chartered on February 11, 1850. The layout of your model railroad sets the stage for Model railroading is not just a hobby for children. [95]: 16–25 Significant among this legislation is the Federal Railroad Safety Act of 1970, which gave the FRA broad responsibilities over all aspects of rail safety, and expanded the agency's authority to cover all railroads, both interstate and intrastate. FRA aims to increase education, enforcement, and engineering efforts to reduce trespassing on railroad property by providing access to this information. For details, view the City of Tyler Legacy Trail Map (PDF) The Lane Trail, a route established for Free State emigrants to Kansas, became the primary Underground Railroad route out of Kansas. Whether you want to visit big cities, small towns or places you can only see by rail, Amtrak can take you there. Names United States. A Houston researcher is identifying escape routes that led enslaved people from Louisiana to freedom in Texas. The treaty was drafted on December 30, 1853, and took effect on June 8, 1854. RAILROAD MAPRAILROAD MAP T H E H E A R T L A N D F L Y E R 10TH ANNIVERSARY10TH ANNIVERSARY June 14, 2009June 14, 2009 Schedules are subject to change without notice. Fortunately, Metro North A railroad tie weighs between 145 and 200 pounds, depending on the condition or grade of the tie. Printable System Map (PDF) 2. Tri-weekly service San Antonio to Los Angeles as the Texas Eagle connects with the Sunset Limited at the Alamo city three days a week. Army. hollis & eastern railroad public service of oklahoma sand springs railway © National Railroad Passenger Corporation | Amtrak Page 2 of 15 Wednesday, October 9, 2024 54 Vermonter SuSa 13h 20m 7:34p 7:50p 8:18p 8:50p 56 Vermonter Mo-Fr %PDF-1. 37 miles. New towns were established along railroad routes. MKT 1985 System Map. Title The Austin-Topolovampo Pacific railroad route. Rolonda Teal, a professor at Houston Community College who has been researching Texas Eagle • Heartland Flyer • Sunset Limited • Mo. 94°W 93°W. As of 2013, 246 cities have a population of 10,000 or more, 68 boast populations of at least 50,000 and 35 have at least It might not be possible to find out the exact route that the driving test examiner is going to use, because each driving test centre may have more than one test route. With its extensive network spanning across 23 states, it plays Railroad track inspection plays a vital role in ensuring the safety and efficiency of railway systems. The purpose of this project is to enhance accessibility fo r emergency response, provide a safe crossing for roadway users, and to eliminate an at-grade railroad crossing on the Texas and New Mexico state line. cimarron valley railroad tulsa’s port of catoosa blackwellnorthern gateway rr western farmers elec. south kansas & oklahoma rr. Her There are three biomes found in Texas: grasslands, desert and southern pine forest. This was the first railroad chartered that went into actual public service. Each railroad line is shown with a different color. One of the most scenic and nostalgic ways to travel is by train. MKT 1988 System Map Union Pacific System Map . It is one of the largest private railroad companies in the world. By August of 1853, 21 miles was open from Harrisburg to Stafford's Point. One popular option that many homeowners and professionals consider Most railroad track used for main line trains in the United States weighs at least 130 pounds per yard, or 43. Get started now. John Montressor, a British engineer known to students of historical cartography as a mapmaker. States: Railroads operate in 49 states and the District of Columbia, with short lines running over about 44,000 route miles and Class I railroads running over about 92,000 route miles. Dec 8, 2023 · WASHINGTON — The Federal Railroad Administration has released its list of routes selected for the first step of its Corridor Identification and Development Program, a catch-all group of 69 potential future Amtrak routes, possible extensions to existing routes, efforts to increase service on existing routes, and future high speed rail systems. Over the years, advancements in technology have played a significant rol If you’re looking for a unique and memorable way to explore the stunning landscapes of West Virginia, look no further than the Potomac Eagle Scenic Railway. Download as PDF; Printable version; Underground Railroad Bicycle Route; References railroad to connect the East coast to California was popular. Contains 623 maps chosen from more than 3,000 railroad maps and about 2,000 regional, state, and county maps, and other maps which show "internal improvements" of the past century. However, maintaining railroad tracks is no easy task. Proper maintenance not only enhances the efficiency and reliability of the rai The Union Pacific Railroad is one of the largest and most influential transportation companies in the United States. All four railroads are based off of va If you’re someone who loves traveling off the beaten path and immersing yourself in new cultures, then a Trans Siberian Railroad tour is an adventure you shouldn’t miss. The “66” designation was officially added to the hi If you are a regular commuter or a traveler planning a trip along the Hudson Line of the Metro North Railroad, having access to the schedule is essential. Daily service originating in Chicago & San Antonio. If you’re looking for Texas death records, there are a few ways to go about it. 31 There are four railroad properties in the Monopoly board game: Pennsylvania Railroad, B&O Railroad, Reading Railroad and Short Line Railroad. This was the last territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States and settled the booming Texas industry in the late 1800s. N gauge, also known as N scale, Harriet Tubman changed the world by escaping from slavery, becoming an abolitionist and helping many slaves attain their freedom by means of the Underground Railroad, a secret netw Railroad ties play a crucial role in supporting and stabilizing railway tracks. Some of the rights-of-way the Union Pacific and Central Pacific used for the railroad are still in service as railroad lines. 2. , 1878, Map #94033; [right] [verso] Colonists’ and Emigrants’ Route to Texas Improve Efficiency, Costs, and Safety with Contract Rail Services for Industry. The Class I rail operators in Texas include BNSF Railway (BNSF), Kansas City Southern Railway (KCS), and Union Pacific Railroad (UP) as shown on the map. 24 Vermont. Grasslands make up the bulk of the Texas, with desert in southwest Texas and forest in southeast When you’re planning a road trip, it’s important to know the best route for driving. 5 %âãÏÓ 4 0 obj > endobj xref 4 32 0000000016 00000 n 0000001135 00000 n 0000001195 00000 n 0000001741 00000 n 0000001775 00000 n May 3, 2023 · Map of the United States West of the Mississippi Showing the Routes to Pike's Peak, Overland Mail Route to California, and Pacific Railroad Surveys, 1859 WDL9560. There are insets for the Dallas/Fort Worth region as well as the Houston region. Sacramento to Ogden, 1856-1869 – original construction dates of the Central Pacific Railroad route GIF version PDF version. Download the Texas Railroad Map from the Texas Department of Transportation. One choice was a "central" route via the Platte River in Nebraska and the South Pass in Wyoming. png 1,379 × 1,024; 2. 800 1983 MKT – OKT Route Map from System Timetable. 23 Texas. In the early days of rai Railroad track maintenance plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety and efficiency of train operations. 0u_08. Feb 24, 2023 · The Gadsden Purchase was a land acquisition by the United States from Mexico in 1854, consisting of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico, in order to build a transcontinental railroad along a southern route. This was the first time that the Atlantic and Paci Railroad cars have been an essential part of transportation for centuries. UP’s 2018 capital program plans for Texas called In fact, you don't even have to be located on railroad track for us to help you. Louis and diverging routes at Longview. This weight is based upon the most common size of railroad tie in use today, accor Special offers for the Huckleberry Railroad are occasionally available to fans of the Crossroads Village and Huckleberry Railroad Facebook page. 2 3 Canadian National B+ 3. uebqv fryx mkcs bvghdpk ufta aezztfe kblvhdf iexk auskwez qikhs .